the Old and New Testaments

a. Danish;

dönsk tunga, the Danish (or old Scandinavian) language.

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adj., Danir, pl. Danes; Dan-mörk, f. Denmark, i. e. the mark, march, or border of the Danes; Dana-veldi, n. the Danish empire; Dana-virki, n. the Danish wall, and many compds, vide Fms. xi. This adj. requires special notice, because of the phrase Dönsk tunga ( the Danish tongue), the earliest recorded name of the common Scandinavian tongue. It must be borne in mind that the ‘Danish’ of the old Saga times applies not to the nation, but to the empire. According to the researches of the late historian P.A. Munch, the ancient Danish empire, at least at times, extended over almost all the countries bordering on the Skagerac (Vík); hence a Dane became in Engl. synonymous with a Scandinavian; the language spoken by the Scandinavians was called Danish; and ‘Dönsk tunga’ is even used to denote Scandinavian extraction in the widest extent, vide Sighvat in Fms. iv. 73, Eg. ch. 51, Grág. ii. 71, 72. During the 11th and 12th centuries the name was much in use, but as the Danish hegemony in Scandinavia grew weaker, the name became obsolete, and Icel. writers of the 13th and 14th centuries began to use the name ‘Norræna,’ Norse tongue, from Norway their own mother country, and the nearest akin to Icel. in customs and idiom. ‘Swedish’ never occurs, because Icel. had little intercourse with that country, although the Scandinavian tongue was spoken there perhaps in a more antique form than in the sister countries. In the 15th century, when almost all connection with Scandinavia was broken off for nearly a century, the Norræna in its turn became an obsolete word, and was replaced by the present word ‘Icelandic,’ which kept its ground, because the language in the mean time underwent great changes on the Scandinavian continent. The Reformation, the translation of the Old and New Testaments into Icelandic (Oddr Gotskalksson, called the Wise, translated and published the N. T. in 1540, and bishop Gudbrand the whole Bible in 1584), a fresh growth of religious literature, hymns, sermons, and poetry (Hallgrímr Pétrsson, Jón Vídalín), the regeneration of the old literature in the 17th and 18th centuries (Brynjólfr Sveinsson, Arni Magnússon, Þormóðr Torfason),—all this put an end to the phrases Dönsk tunga and Norræna; and the last phrase is only used to denote obsolete grammatical forms or phrases, as opposed to the forms and phrases of the living language. The translators of the Bible often say ‘vort Íslenzkt mál,’ our Icelandic tongue, or ‘vort móður mál,’ our mother tongue; móður-málið mitt, Pass. 35. 9. The phrase ‘Dönsk tunga’ has given rise to a great many polemical antiquarian essays: the last and the best, by which this question may be regarded as settled, is that by Jon Sigurdsson in the preface to Lex. Poët.; cp. also that of Pál Vídalín in Skýr. s. v., also published in Latin at the end of the old Ed. of Gunnl. Saga, 1775.

iz.

a. ( hitzarmena, elkar hartzea) agreement, pact; \ituna izenpetu to sign an agreement

b. ( tregoa) treaty; Ipar Atlantikoaren I\itun Erakunde North Atlantic Treaty Organization

2. Kristau.

a. testament; I\itun Zaharra \\ Berria the Old \\ New Testament; I\itun Zahar eta Berriak the Old and New Testaments

b. covenant; \itun berri eta betierekoa new and everlasting covenant; \ituneko jende covenant people

iz. (B) ( ituntasuna, tristezia) gloom io. Lit. ( iluna, tristea, goibela) gloomy, dismal, sorrowful; hontzaren oihu \ituna the sorrowful call of the owl adb. Lit. gloomily, dejectedly; berri horiek aditzean, \itun joan ziren when they heard the news they went away dejected; zer dela eta \itun, txoria? why so glum, little bird?

testāmentum, i, n. [testor], the publication of a last will or testament; a will, testament (cf. codicilli).

In gen., Gell. 7 (6), 12, 1 sqq.:

testamentum est voluntatis nostrae justa sententia de eo, quod quis post mortem suam fieri velit,

Dig. 28, 1, 1:

testamentum legere... obsignare... facere,

Cic. Mil. 18, 48; id. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 111; cf.:

testamenti factio,

id. Top. 11, 50:

testamenti factionem habere,

id. Fam. 7, 21:

testamentum conscribere,

id. Har. Resp. 20, 42:

obsignare,

id. Clu. 14, 41; Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

signare,

Quint. 4, 2, 87:

mutare,

Cic. Clu. 11, 31; Dig. 29, 6, 1:

rumpere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 241; id. Caecin. 25, 72; cf.:

testamentorum ruptorum aut ratorum jura,

id. de Or. 1, 38, 173:

constat agnascendo rumpi testamentum,

id. ib. 1, 57, 241; Dig. 28, 2, 22 sqq.:

irritum facere,

Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 109:

subicere,

id. ib. 14, 3, 7; id. Par. 6, 2, 46; cf.:

testamentorum subjector,

id. Cat. 2, 4, 7:

supponere,

id. Par. 6, 1, 43; cf. id. Leg. 1, 16, 43:

testamento cavere aliquid,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 102:

testamento esse in triente,

id. Att. 7, 8, 3:

eripis hereditatem, quae venerat testamento,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 46:

cum ex testamento HS. milies relinquatur,

id. Off. 3, 24, 93:

testamenta resignare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 9:

testamento aliquem adoptare,

Nep. Att. 5, 2: testamenta nuncupare, to announce or acknowledge before witnesses, Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141; Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 5.—Concerning the three different kinds of testaments (calatis comitiis, per aes ad libram, and in procinctu), and the laws relating to wills in gen., v. Lübker, Real-Lex., s.v. Testamentum, and esp. Rein, Privatr. p. 363 sq.—

In eccl. Lat: Testamentum vetus et novum, the Old and New Testaments, cf. Lact. 4, 20, 4; Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 1:

vetus,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 3, 14:

novum,

ib. 3, 6.

1) ( with the) the sacred writings of the Christian Church, consisting of the Old and New Testaments.

2) the Jewish Scriptures (the Old Testament).

n. Bible, book containing the Old and New Testaments (Christianity); book containing the Old Testament (Judaism)

n. Bible, book containing the Old and New Testaments (Christianity); book containing the Old Testament (Judaism); scriptures, holy scripture, Holy Writ

f; -, -n; (Heilige Schrift) Bible; fig. bible

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Bible; Scripture

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f -, -n (lit)

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f Bible

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Bibel f; -, -n; (Heilige Schrift) Bible; fig bible

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bible n.

n. Bible, Holy Scriptures, book containing the Old and New Testaments (Christianity)

n; -(e)s, -e

1. will; JUR. last will and testament; sein Testament machen make one’s ( oder a) will; jemanden im Testament bedenken remember ( oder include) s.o. in one’s will; ein Testament anfechten contest ( oder dispute) a will; jemandes politisches Testament fig. s.o.’s political legacy; da kannst du gleich dein Testament machen! umg., fig. you’re for the high jump and no mistake!, Am. your name is mud!

2. BIBL.: Altes / Neues Testament Old / New Testament

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will; testament; last will; legacy

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nt -(e)s, -e

1) (JUR) will; (fig) legacy

2) (BIBL) Testament

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1. JUR [last] will, testament, last will and testament

anfechtbares \Testament voidable will

eigenhändiges \Testament holographic will

gemeinschaftliches \Testament joint will

jüngeres \Testament later will

öffentliches \Testament notarial will

ein \Testament aufsetzen to draft [or draw up sep] a will

ein \Testament eröffnen/vollstrecken to open/administer a will

ein \Testament errichten to testate, to write [or execute] a will

sein \Testament machen to make one's will

2. REL

Altes/Neues \Testament Old/New Testament

▶ dann kann jd sein \Testament machen (fam) then sb had better make a will

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1) will

2) (christl. Rel.) Testament

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Testament n; -(e)s, -e

1. will; JUR last will and testament;

sein Testament machen make one’s ( oder a) will;

jemanden im Testament bedenken remember ( oder include) sb in one’s will;

ein Testament anfechten contest ( oder dispute) a will;

jemandes politisches Testament fig sb’s political legacy;

da kannst du gleich dein Testament machen! umg, fig you’re for the high jump and no mistake!, US your name is mud!

2. BIBEL:

Altes/Neues Testament Old/New Testament

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1) will

2) (christl. Rel.) Testament

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last will n.

last will and testament n.